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STEP 1

• Have children use physical objects to demonstrate and solve these exercises, such as an abacus, toys, or beans.

STEP 2

• Have children write out each problem and solution in equation form. For example, children write ‘2 + 5 – 3 = 4’ for ‘How many are 2 and 5, less 3?’

STEP 3

• Assess mastery by reading aloud the listed problems and having the children mentally compute and recite the solutions.
• If children have difficulties, work with physical objects again and then reassess.